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Submitted: 03 Feb 2016
Revision: 02 Aug 2016
Accepted: 28 Aug 2016
ePublished: 04 Sep 2016
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Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;4(1): 36889.
doi: 10.17795/ajcmi-36889
  Abstract View: 1526
  PDF Download: 570

Research Article

Tuberculosis and Vitamin D Status Among the Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Alberto Arnedo-Pena 1,2*, Jose Vicente Juan-Cerdan 3, Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia 1, Daniel Garcia-Ferrer 3, Jesus Iborra-Millet 3, Jose Antonio Ferrero-Vega 3, Juan Bautista Bellido-Blasco 1,2, Noemi Meseguer-Ferrer 1, Francisco Pardo-Serrano 4

1 Epidemiology Division, Public Health Centre Castellon, Spain
2 CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
3 Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital General, Castellon, Spain
4 Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital General, Castellon, Spain
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding author: Alberto Arnedo-Pena, Epidemiology Division, Public Health Centre Castellon, Spain. Tel: +34-964399607, Fax: +34-064399645, Email: arnedo_alb@gva.es

Abstract

Background: Serum vitamin D (VitD) status is associated with active tuberculosis (TB) and TB infection conversion (TBIC).

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to quantify the risks of TB (latent, conversion, disease) in accordance with VitD status and other variables among the contacts of pulmonary TB patients.

Methods: From 2009 to 2012, a cohort of the contacts of pulmonary TB patients was studied to rule out and prevent TB in Castellon (Spain). The exams performed included a tuberculin skin test (TST), a QuantiFERON Gold in-tube test® (QFTGIT), blood and radiographic tests, and an initial measurement of serum VitD status. Contacts who were initially without active TB were followed up through 2015. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analyses were carried out.

Results: From a total of 572 contacts of pulmonary TB patients with VitD status measurement, 523 completed the follow-up (participation rate 91.4%). Among them, five groups could be established: 3 new cases of pulmonary TB (0.6%), 27 cases of TBIC (5.2%), 116 cases of latent TB infection (LTBI) (22.2%), 125 uninfected TB contacts with only one TST or QFTGIT measurement (23.9%), and 252 uninfected TB contacts with two TST or QFTGIT measurements (48.2%). The comparison of these five groups revealed several significant differences, including age, whether they were foreign-born, place of residence, social class, high exposure to an index case with sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and VitD status. The MLR analysis for all groups, with the group of uninfected TB contacts with two TST or QFTGIT measurements as a reference, estimated that only two of these factors were significantly associated with TB in three or more groups; these factors were VitD status and high exposure and a sputum AFB-positive index case. VitD status was a protector against pulmonary TB with a relative risk (RR) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74 - 0.99) and against TBIC (R = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91 - 0.99), while it was not associated with LTBI (RR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.97-1.01). Only 34.0% of the contacts had sufficient VitD levels (≥ 30 ng/mL).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that a sufficient VitD level could be a protective factor against TBIC and active TB.


Copyright © 2016, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
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