Acinetobacter baumannii in the Healthcare Facility Setting

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in intensive care units, where its ability to develop multidrug resistance complicates treatment and control efforts. This review highlights the bacteriology, ecology, virulence mechanisms, and antibiotic resistance strategies of A. baumannii, with an emphasis on its clinical impact in healthcare settings. The pathogen’s resistance is fueled by genetic mutations, enzyme production, and efflux pumps, leading to resistance against carbapenems and other key antibiotics. It can cause infections in various body sites, including the lungs, bloodstream, and urinary tract, and has a high mortality rate, especially in vulnerable patients. A. baumannii’s ability to survive on dry surfaces for extended periods contributes to its spread within healthcare facilities, exacerbating outbreak risks. Effective prevention strategies, such as strict infection control protocols, environmental cleaning, and antibiotic stewardship, are essential for minimizing the pathogen’s impact. Continued research into new antibiotics and treatment approaches is critical to managing this formidable public health threat.

Keywords: Acinetobacter infections, Drug resistance, Infection control, Antimicrobial stewardship